ADHD – attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
What is ADHD?
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence. It is typically first diagnosed in childhood and often persists into adulthood. It is the most common cause seen by psychology and psychiatric clinics.
How common is ADHD?
It is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in children. It affects about 6-8% of children worldwide. With diagnostic improvements, we are seeing more patients with ADHD.
Prevalence rate of childhood ADHD increases with advancing age. 2.1% of 2-5 years old; 8.9% of 6 – 11 years old; 11.9% of 12-17 years old.
What are the symptoms of ADHD?
The core features of ADHD are hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention, but the phenotype varies among children. There is a 76% chance the children will develop ADHD if one of the parents has ADHD.
How to diagnose ADHD?
There are three kinds of ADHD: ADHD with predominant Inattention; ADHD with predominant hyperactivity; ADHD with presence of both inattention and hyperactivity. There is a high incidence of ADHD in patients with other neurodevelopmental disabilities such as epilepsy, language and speech delay, and other neurological disorders. Vanderbilt and/or Conner scales are being used to support the diagnosis of ADHD.
How to manage ADHD?
ADHD is treated with:
- Behavioral therapy
- Medications
- Combination of both behavioral therapy and medications
Which therapy is best for you/your child based on the evaluation and other co-existing conditions.
What happens if ADHD is not treated?
Untreated patients may not achieve their full potential in academics, job performance, in relationships, and other endeavors. There is an increased incidence of substance abuse and criminal behaviors in untreated individuals.
How long does one need to be treated?
ADHD is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder. It often needs long-term treatment.
