Understanding RSV Bronchiolitis: Symptoms, Care, and Prevention
RSV Bronchiolitis: A Brief Overview
What is RSV Bronchiolitis?
RSV Bronchiolitis is a lung infection caused by the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), a common viral illness affecting children. By age two, around 90% of children have been infected with RSV, typically presenting mild symptoms such as a runny nose and congestion. In about 30% of cases, the infection progresses to the lungs, leading to bronchiolitis.
How do these children present?
RSV spreads through droplets and is highly contagious. Initial symptoms include fever, nasal congestion, runny nose, irritability, and poor feeding. Within 2-3 days, about one-third of affected children may develop bronchiolitis as the infection spreads to the lungs.
How common is RSV Bronchiolitis?
RSV Bronchiolitis is the most frequent lung infection among children under two years old and is a leading cause of hospitalization in this age group. It is most prevalent in the fall and winter, with the RSV season in the U.S. lasting from October to March. Severe cases may increase the risk of asthma later in childhood.
How to take care of patients with RSV Bronchiolitis?
Treatment primarily involves supportive care, such as nasal suctioning, fever management, and ensuring adequate fluid intake, as no specific antiviral treatment is available. Symptoms usually resolve in 8-15 days but may persist for up to 3-4 weeks.
When to seek medical care?
Seek medical attention if your child has trouble breathing, is not drinking enough fluids, or shows worsening symptoms.
How to prevent RSV infection in children?
Preventive measures include frequent handwashing and droplet precautions. Nirsevimab (Beyfortus) immunization is now available for all children up to 8 months old and high-risk children aged 8-19 months. More information can be found on KSP Health.
How to prevent RSV infection in the elderly?
RSV significantly impacts the health of older adults, increasing morbidity and mortality. Vaccination is recommended for adults 75 years and older and high-risk individuals aged 60-74. For more details, visit KSP Health.
References:
- CDC – RSV in Infants and Young Children
- American Academy of Pediatrics – Bronchiolitis (RSV)
- Meissner, Cody. N Engl J Med 2016;374:62-72.
